IoT field has recently evolved to improve our daily life quality by enabling a communication among different objects/things that are sharing our physical world over the internet. Also, it has allowed real time services and initiated controlling actions based on instant processing of data items. The revolution of internet, communication protocols and the introduction of Internet of Things, IoT, technology has enabled the data generation, processing, and storing on large scale. Also, the patient’s acceptance affected by the acceptance of their involved family members and caregivers in the communication process. The acceptance rate of these supported devices is increased quickly among ALS patients with different developing symptoms and the only reported rejection usage came from patients that suffer from additional health issues such as cancer or functional impairments such as Dementia. The other category relies on the hardware devices that track head or limb movements and uses smart tablets or touch-pads to aid the communication.
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The AAC technologies can be classified into two categories one relies on software programs that track facial expressions, hand gestures, or eye blinks and translate these features into a generative speech or written text. The term Augmented and Alternative Communication (AAC) is used to describe the set of technologies or devices that support peoples with different paralyzed conditions to interact personally with their world, release their dependency on the others, and be more productive and involved in different activities without any limitations or obstacles. These augmented computer devices are based on tracking the patient’s eyes or their brain signals to initiate actions according to their specific needs. ĪLS patients need some augmented and alternative communication devices that assist them during verbal and non-verbal communications. Many communication strategies for ALS patients are reported such as gestures, letter-boards, eye blinks, hand squeeze, pre-recorded messages’ sounds, and flash cards. Patients with motor neuron diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, ALS, and Primary Lateral Sclerosis, PLS, also develop speech impairment symptoms and gradually lose the ability to control their muscles leading to a completely paralysis stage with their eye’s pupil is the only available movement organ for initiating a communication with the others. There are several factors for causing speech impairments such as damage in human brain cells, hearing loss, drug abuse, mental and neurological disorders. Since the communication is essential for humans to express their feelings, needs, develop relationships, and simply to live a normal life, the users with speech impairments lose the connection to their family/friends, and their dependency on them is increased to accomplish their basic life requirements. Patients with speech and verbal motor disorders have difficulties to communicate with their living world.